Literature and communities

Literature and communities Literature can help people to get a real in depth view of life through someone elses shoes. You can almost get lost into another world while reading a book. No matter if that world is fiction or non-fiction, it can take the reader to an unfamiliar place and make them feel comfortable in that space. A person can take something away from what they have read in some form of literature and put it to use into their communities. Something as simple as a feeling, viewpoint, or even a new perspective, can bring a new knowledge on the whole outlook of something. Literature can help to add culture to a readers life. Anytime a person adds culture to their life, they would have a positive affect on our society because they have been enriched with literature. Everyone has different points of view that they wish to express in life, regardless of the theme. Everyone also has different opinions as with literature. Each individual that reads a poem or a story is affected by it differently. However, t he common ground for literature and the community and every person that reads it is this: we all must start at the beginning before we get to the last page or line from a poem. Every community has been affected by literature since the beginning of time. At first, many people did not have the pleasures of being able to read and write and therefore could not appreciate literature. But once they were taught how to read, interests in reading became popular through many communities. Communities are affected by historical stories, autobiographies, fiction, non-fiction, and even poetry told by authors. It is somewhat like a domino effect that has been happening for many years and it will continue to grow and affect those in the future. The readings from this pasts week even show how communities are affected by literature. My first example is in the â€Å"The Prodigal Son† by Luke, (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 27) is two sons and their father. One son works by his fathers side without complaining. The other son, however, asks for his inheritance as soon as he is old enough to speak with his father about it. The father in this story does as per his sons request and sells his half of the land and gives the money to his son. That son wastefully spends all of his fortune and loses all of his friends when the money is gone. He ends up homeless and becomes very desperate until he realizes that he will go home and ask his father to become one of his servants. The servants were not as poor and desperate as he was becoming. Naturally his father was so delighted by having his son come home that he holds a feast in honor of the son returning. Then the other son complains to his father about being loyal while the other son did not remain loyal. The father answers his sons complaint with a great explanation: â€Å"son thou art ever with me and all that I have is thinefor this thy brother was dead and is alive again: and was lost and is now found† (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 28). The father was simply saying that what is his is theirs and he was thankful that his son learned his life lesson. This story affects the community because it gives people a sense of hope when there is despair. Even when people can bring on their own problems by selfish acts, faith, hope, and love can help people get through the toughest of times. I feel that this story has a very prominent part of the religious community. A person can still receive forgiveness in spite of the fact of the thing they may have done wrong. I most certainly can relate to this story because I have know that I have hurt my mother time and time again, but no matter how big and ridiculous my mistakes have been, she is always there to help and guide me. That is why I feel that if I am impacted by this story that my community is also. Another story from this weeks readings showing the relationship of how the community is affected by literature is â€Å"AP† by John Updike (cited in DiYanni, 2007, page 32). This story is about a young man that is employed by the same supermarket chain as in the title. He tries to suffer for three girls in hopes that they will notice him but they do not exactly give him the time of day. There are these three girls that go shopping in the store, but they are wearing nothing but bikinis. Being that they are inappropriately dressed, the store manager asks them to come into the store having their shoulders covered next time. The young man ends up quitting his job in the hopes of catching the girls attention. I believe that he wanted to be viewed as the hero for standing up for them; even though, the girls were in the wrong for coming into a store dressed that way in the first place (cited in DiYanni, 2007, 36). This story affects the community because there can be different ways t hat this sort of story can be viewed, and we could all learn from this sort of storyline. A person can take something away from what they have read in some form of literature and put it to use into their communities for the future. That something can be as simple as a feeling, viewpoint, or even a new perspective, that can bring a new knowledge on the whole outlook of something. A person with culture added to their life, has a positive affect on our society because they have been enriched with literature. Each individual that reads a poem or a story is affected by it differently. However, the common ground for literature and the community and every person that reads it is this: we all must start at the beginning before we get to the last page or line from a poem. This knowledge is something that stays with a person forever; not only here, but in every community. References: Di Yanni, R. (2007). Literature: reading fiction, poetry, and drama. NewYork: McGrawHill Publishing, Inc.

Animal Testing: a Human Benefit Through Major

Animal Testing This essay is centered towards people who think that there is no good reason to do animal testing. Medicine testing on animals necessary. The animal rights organization, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), is one that has really caught my attention in recent months. PETA has proven themselves to be the largest animal rights organization in the world, with over 3 million people members who all do their duty in attempts to reserve the rights of animals. I must say, the organization quickly brought me in favor of their beliefs for quite some time.As PETA clarifies that they come together to put a halt on the â€Å"abuse of animals in cruel and painful experiments,† it is very difficult to not support the organization. They focus most of their attention on these concepts, and show it’s negativity to industries based on what they call human â€Å"entertainment. † The issue is that PETA only reveals one side to the story, disregarding any possible benefits animal testing may provide to humans. The extensive interest I have on the issue has leaded me to further my understanding.With PETA’s constant views on the â€Å"implementation of humane† nature, I’ve come to notice that scientific research on animals does not affect the balance of nature; that is, in comparison to many activities in our society such as hunting for pleasure which serves no purpose. I began to question as to why animal testing is taking place right now in our society, and could the benefits of these experiments outweigh the negative outlook it has? I have been looking into the nature and ethics behind the testing’s, and I have come to realize there are strong opinions for both those for and against the practice.Contrary to PETA’s views, I believe that although animals may at time experience pain, it does not make it wrong to use animals. This does not include the use of animals towards unnecessary luxuries such a s cosmetics and fur in the clothing line, industries that PETA criticizes intently. Humans don’t benefit from animal testing by wearing animal fur; however they do benefit through major medical advancements, such as experiments leading to a successful vaccine for rabies.One of the most controversial topics would be that animal testing is morally wrong, and ultimately, disturbingly similar to murder. While one may justify this as a strong reason to position themselves against the rights of animal testing, I would argue that many people fail to understand the legitimacy behind the trials. PETA states that the federal government wastes their money on misleading experiments, and should focus their intentions on â€Å"studies that are actually relevant to humans. Bernard E Rolling states in his article, Animal testing: A Moral Science, that â€Å"although abolitionists argue that using animals in biomedical research produces no benefits on humans†¦the scientific community h as adopted an equally extreme position’. Rolling is implying that animal testing serves a purpose, and is being done for the better good of human society. Animal Testings role in developing vaccines on a cure for HIV and AIDS has been a controversial issue for quite some time. With HIV being one of many diseases which are still without a cure, the search for effective drugs has proven particularly difficult.Some argue that scientists should test on human participants prior to approving its safety; however dealing with potential vaccines is dangerous and can produce illness or even death. As a result, researchers use animals to help â€Å"ensure the efficacy of drugs and vaccines† prior to human use (Avert. Org). With multiple grim stories regarding the usage of animals on PETA, my first opinion was to fall for the sympathy of the animals; however, I’ve come to realize that sometimes the beneficial actions for our society may come with hardships.The ultimate goal for many things is to ensure the quality of life among the people, and to enhance the knowledge in the medical world. Furthering the discussion of animal distress within the experiments, many emphasize that all experiments are conducted humanely, to high scientific standards. As mentioned under the United States Department of Agriculture, the Animal Welfare Act is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers†¦. while] enforced by the USDA and Animal Care Agency. † Based on this information, it may be true that many people are subject to animal testing misconceptions involving mistreatment. Strict regulations within the Animal and Welfare Act include the following: specifications of lighting and temperature, animals kept outdoors must be provided with safety and shelter from nature’s elements, food and water must be given regularly, and there must be regular research proposals t o â€Å"minimize discomfort, distress, and pain to the animals†.With this being said, I personally believe its uneducal to provide an opinion based on misconceptions rather than facts. In a world where rules and provisions serve as mandatory in day-to-day activities, it provides feedback on my opinion towards this controversial issue. As well, The Committee on Animal Research and Ethics (CARE) provides details on the basis prior to experimentation. Details within the justification towards research includes that research is done solely to accomplish a clear scientific purpose, and that there is â€Å"reasonable expectation that the experiment will†¦ ncrease knowledge of the process underlying [human] development or behavior, determine replicability of prior research, increase understanding of the species or provide results that determine benefits towards the health or welfare of human or animal species. † Arguably the most beneficial provision is that no research o r experiment may be conducted without the protocol being revised and determined appropriate by an animal care committee, thus ensuring the research to be safe and humane. The reality towards the issue is that it’s unfortunate that there aren’t more alternatives for animal testing.However on the basis that the human race needs to develop knowledge to further their research to obtain medicines, animal testing seems to serve the utmost importance. If we have a goal to one day cure diseases like AIDS and Cancer, shouldn’t research in this department be necessary? I agree with PETA in the sense that animal testing is morally wrong if implemented with the fur and cosmetic industries, but they fail to consider the other side to the issue: that it is necessary on the fact that humans need research to move forward as a whole.

The War Against Terrorism

Stan Mihaylov Dr. Reichert ENGL 1102 2/15/2011 The War against Terrorism Military actions are the greatest folly which mankind has ever created. Since the creation of the human race, there is a trend that the stronger nations impose their power and will over the weaker nations. If in ancient times wars were happening primarily to take on new territories and resources, it was sufficiently clear and justifiable for a whole nation to stand behind that idea. However, wars nowadays are provoked by vague and unjustifiable reasons.The modern world as I see it is against fighting in wars, but at the same time it spends huge amounts of money for the creation of weapons and military supplies. Today every nation imposes peace, but with a big army behind its back. The scars of the past few wars have not been erased yet – wars which have been called World Wars for their scale. World War I broke out in consequence of the poverty of one otherwise strong nation – Serbia, World War II h appened because of the ambition of one otherwise â€Å"normal† man who believed that the people with blonde hair and blue eyes are the dominant race.Unfortunately, these two are the most significant events for the whole 20th century. The century in which we live right now, the 21st century, will not remain bloodless either. The war of our century is only one, and it is called â€Å"The War against Terrorism. † What is actually terrorism? Terrorism is hatred to man and to mankind. Terrorism is a violent war against the civilians and its goal is to cause fear in the society and to attract the media’s attention. There is international terrorism as well as domestic terrorism.Domestic terrorism is when a single person or a group of people go out and kill random civilians. A good example of domestic terrorism is the Anthrax attacks in 2001 and the Texas cyanide bomb attack. Terrorists have changed the means by which they achieve their goals. Until 9/11 even the best s pecialists on terrorism couldn’t have guessed that the terrorists will use planes full of civilian passengers as missiles to take down the World Trade Centers. I will always remember that day 10 years ago when the terrorists killed more than 3000 people.I was back in Bulgaria, a year before me and my family moved to the United States. It was a beautiful afternoon around 5pm and I was watching TV when all of the sudden the show stopped and the World Trade Centers appeared on the screen. I was wondering what was going on and why they started showing the news, but soon enough I saw a plane hit a building. At first I thought it was an action movie but when the news journalist started talking about terrorist attacks on the United States, I understood what was happening.I will also never forget the thumping sound of people jumping off the buildings and hitting the ground. This was the clearest and also the scariest thing I remember from that sad day. The most natural reaction after the impact on the World Trade Centers is the declaration of war. War against what, against who? Terrorism is not a single person or a nation. The U. S. Millitary attacked a remote and poor country like Afghanistan, but very soon it appeared that the capture of the perpetrators of the attack is impossible. The United States, however, saw an opportunity to capture their oil reserves.Such a powerful country as the United States soon brought in the whole world into its own war but it calls it under a different name – â€Å"The War against Terrorism. † This put the start of a massive production of weapons and supplies. Just the United States alone spend more than $1. 8 billion a week against the fight with terrorism (Msnbc. com). Just a month after the terrorist attacks on 9/11, President George Bush created the first institution against terrorism called the Office of Homeland Security whose main objective is to prevent terrorist attacks.Can the war on terrorism ever be wo n? I think there is no way because â€Å"violence brings more violence. † This cliche is true, and it also uncovers the truth about the war against terrorism. It’s like trying to extinguish a fire using gasoline. The more violent the attacks against the terrorists, the more violent their revenge will be. The terrorists have many followers around the world. In the developing countries of the Middle East, the children learn to shoot a gun from a very young age, learn about the various explosives, as well as the electronic mechanisms used to make detonators.These abilities combined with the hatred for the west, and more specifically the United States, are a very dangerous combination for the making of a huge army of terrorists. They are willing to die for their cause. There are people who don’t appreciate their life. The death during a fight is their way to happiness. One of the many reasons for which terrorism exists is because the democratic, richer countries in the world try to push their views on the poorer Middle Eastern ones.The people in those countries don’t really have a point in life because no matter what they do, they will still be poor and that’s why they decide to take revenge and join the terrorist groups. They think that it’s some other country’s fault that they are in this situation which is not necessarily true. And because they have been told from young age that when they die they will go to a happier place, they don’t even hesitate about doing it. Children on both sides of the world are brainwashed from very young age.In the United States, children are told that the Middle Eastern countries are a bad and dangerous, whereas the children in the Middle East are told that the United States are the bad guys. The war against terrorism is a very harsh one because there are also countries which openly support the terrorist actions – Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, Afghanistan, etc. They su pply the terrorists with shelter, weapons, and financial aid. Another incident that shaped the way I see this war is when I saw a video how an U. S. Army helicopter attacked civilians in Iraq.The video caused a lot of chaos around the United States’ government because they wanted the world to think they were the good guys. The video basically showed how an American helicopter attacks civilians in Iraq, not terrorists. It was very graphic and when I watched it, I thought about how unforgiving war was. The terrorists killed a lot more civilians on 9/11 but is it right for the U. S. Army, which is supposedly on the â€Å"good side† to go and kill random people? I think this is where the mythic reality comes into play.The United States wants the world to think they are the good guys, and because of the attacks on 9/11 they accomplished that position. This gives the United States a reason to do whatever it wants with the civilians from the countries of the Middle East. Now don’t get me wrong, I am not saying that what the United States does is bad or wrong. If somebody attacks, and there is no way to solve things peacefully, war comes into play, but it wouldn’t it be a lot better if the U. S. Army was to seek the ones who arranged the attacks on 9/11, not some random civilians who have no idea what is going on?Terrorism is not just going on in the United States, it is a global thing in which involves almost every nation. After the attacks on 9/11, most of the airports around the world created stricter security rules. The recent attack on the airport in Moscow, Russia also killed more than 30 innocent people. It is not for sure if it was one of the Middle Eastern terrorist groups, but it was a terrorist act nonetheless. Schoen, John W. â€Å"How Much Is the War in Iraq Costing Us? † Msnbc. com. Web. 15 Feb. 2011. .

Ryan Air an E-Commerce Organization - 1872 Words

Table of Contents {text:bookmark-start} Definning e-commerce {text:bookmark-end} There are nearly as many definitions of e-commerce as there are contributions to the literature. (Damanpour, 2001) defines e-commerce as â€Å"any net business activity that transforms internal and external relationships to create value and exploit market opportunities driven by new rules of connected economy†. E-commerce is a â€Å"disruptive† innovation that is radically changing the way organizations do business (Macgregor and Vrazalic, 2007). In other words a organization who do majority of their sales via internet, electronic procurement and electronic payment. As in the given case of RYANAIR AIRLINES. {text:bookmark-start} Ryanair Airlines in brief†¦show more content†¦In Transactional Leadership, â€Å"Managers take an initiative in offering some form of need satisfaction in return for something value by the employees†. On the other hand Transformational Leadership is the â€Å"Process of engaging the commitments of employees in context of the shared value and shared vision†. Thus from the above statements we can analyze that Ryanair has a characteristic of Transformational Leadership as they are courageous and believe in people. They are visionaries and can cope with complexity and ambiguity. There are four types of Leadership styles and they are(1) Autocratic leadership where a â€Å" Leader takes the decision and announces them, expecting subordinates to carry them without question†. (2) The Democratic where a â€Å" Leader would characteristically lay by the problem before his or her subordinate and invite discussion†.(3) The Consultative where a â€Å" Leader confers with the group members before taking decision and, in fact, considers their advice and their feelings when framing decisions†. 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